2013년 11월 23일 토요일

오전 7:29

By Yolande Vescio

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About 'james madison state'|...Packet Wednesday, January 30, 1788 [James Madison] To the People of the State of New York: HAVING...; but briefly stated as they are here, they...







About 'james madison state'|...Packet Wednesday, January 30, 1788 [James Madison] To the People of the State of New York: HAVING...; but briefly stated as they are here, they...








Ｔｈｅ               ｉｇｎｏｒａｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｏｗｎ               ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ               ａｎｄ               ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ               ｈａｓ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｃｌｅａｒｅｒ,               ｔｈａｎ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｓｓｕｅ               ｏｆ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｐｈｒａｓｅ               ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙ               ｃｉｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｌｅｔｔｅｒ               ｆｒｏｍ               Ｔｈｏｍａｓ               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｄａｎｂｅｒｒｙ               Ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｃｕｔ               Ｂａｐｔｉｓｔｓ,               ｓｏｏｎ               ａｆｔｅｒ               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ｈａｄ               ｂｅｃｏｍｅ               ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ               ｏｎ               Ｍａｒｃｈ               4ｔｈ               1801.

Ｍａｎｙ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ               ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｎａｔｉｏｎ               ｗａｓ               ｆｏｕｎｄｅｄ               ａ               ｓｔｒｉｃｔｌｙ               ｓｅｃｕｌａｒ               ｓｔａｔｅ.

Ｍａｎｙ               ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ               ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ               ｔｈｅｙ               ａｒｅ               ｐａｔｒｉｏｔｉｃａｌｌｙ               ｕｐｈｏｌｄｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｕｎｄｅｒ'ｓ               ｖｉｓｉｏｎ               ｂｙ               ｍａｋｉｎｇ               ｓｕｒｅ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ｉｓ               ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｌｙ               ｒｅｍｏｖｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ａｌｌ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｌｉｆｅ.

Ｇｒｏｕｐｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ＡＣＬＵ               ａｎｄ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               Ｔｈｅ               Ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅ               ｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｌｙ               ｆｉｌｅ               ｓｕｉｔｓ               ｉｎ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｔｉｍｉｄａｔｅ               ａｎｄ               ｓｉｌｅｎｃｅ               ａｎｙ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｖｏｉｃｅ               ｉｎ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｌｉｆｅ.

Ｃａｓｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ               ｎａｔｉｖｉｔｙ               ｓｃｅｎｅｓ,               ｔｈｅ               Ｔｅｎ               Ｃｏｍｍａｎｄｍｅｎｔｓ,               Ｃｒｏｓｓｅｓ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｄｉｓｐｌａｙｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ａｒｅａｓ.

Ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｃａｓｅｓ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅ               ｄｅｎｙｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               Ｂｏｙ               Ｓｃｏｕｔｓ               ｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ,               ｒｅｍｏｖａｌ               ｏｆ               ("Ｉｎ               Ｇｏｄ               Ｗｅ               Ｔｒｕｓｔ")               ｏｎ               ｃｕｒｒｅｎｃｙ,               ｃｅｎｓｏｒｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌ               ｇｒａｄｕａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃ               ｅｖｅｎｔ               ｐｒａｙｅｒｓ,               ｆｉｒｉｎｇ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｌｅａｖｉｎｇ               ｂｉｂｌｅｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｄｅｓｋ.
               Ａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｔｉｍｅ,               ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｇｒｏｕｐｓ               ｔｕｒｎ               ａ               ｂｌｉｎｄ               ｅｙｅ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎｓ,               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇ               ｐｒａｙｅｒ               ｒｏｏｍｓ               ｆｏｒ               Ｍｕｓｌｉｍ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ               ｉｎ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ               ｏｒ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌ               ｓｐｏｎｓｏｒｅｄ               ｆｉｅｌｄ               ｔｒｉｐｓ               ｔｏ               ｍｏｓｑｕｅｓ,               ｓｏｌｉｃｉｔｉｎｇ               ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ               ｔｏ               ｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｅ               ｉｎ               Ｍｕｓｌｉｍ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｒｉｔｅｓ               ａｓ               ａｎ               ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ.

Ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ               ａｌｓｏ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅ               ｎｅｗ               ａｇｅ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｉｄｅａｓ               ａｎｄ               ｆｏｒｍｓ               ｏｆ               ｗｉｔｃｈｃｒａｆｔ               ａｓ               ｅｎｌｉｇｈｔｅｎｅｄ               ｉｄｅａｓ,               ｗｈｉｌｅ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎｉｔｙ               ｉｓ               ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ               ａｓ               ｐａｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｐａｓｔ               ｉｇｎｏｒａｎｃｅ,               ｉｎｔｏｌｅｒａｎｃｅ               ａｎｄ               ｂｉｇｏｔｒｙ.
               Ｍａｎｙ               ｗｈｏ               ｕｓｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｅｒｍ               "Ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅ"               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｓｕｒｐｒｉｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｔ'ｓ               ｎｏｗｈｅｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｆｏｕｎｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｐｈｒａｓｅ               ｗａｓ               ｔａｋｅｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ａ               ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ               ｌｅｔｔｅｒ               ｗｒｉｔｔｅｎ               ｂｙ               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｃｕｔ               Ｂａｐｔｉｓｔｓ               ａｓｓｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｓ               ａｂｏｕｔ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｌｉｂｅｒｔｙ.

Ｔｈｅ               Ｂａｐｔｉｓｔｓ               ｉｎ               Ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｃｕｔ               ｈａｄ               ｌｏｎｇ               ｂｅｅｎ               ａ               ｍｉｎｏｒｉｔｙ               ｉｎ               ａｎ               ａｒｅａ               ｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               Ｆｅｄｅｒａｌｉｓｔ               Ｃｏｎｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｓｔｓ,               ａｎｄ               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ｗａｎｔｅｄ               ｔｏ               ａｓｓｕｒｅ               ｔｈｅｍ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅ               ｉｎ               ｓｈｏｗｉｎｇ               ｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ               ｔｏ               ａｎｙ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｄｅｎｏｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ               ａｂｏｖｅ               ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ.

Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｏｆ               Ｅｕｒｏｐｅ               ｈａｄ               ｏｐｐｒｅｓｓｅｄ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｍｉｎｏｒｉｔｉｅｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｈｕｎｄｒｅｄｓ               ｏｆ               ｙｅａｒｓ,               ｂｙ               ｍａｎｄａｔｉｎｇ               ａ               ｓｉｎｇｌｅ               ｓｔａｔｅ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｄｅｎｏｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｉｎ               Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ａｎｇｌｉｃａｎ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ｗａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｍａｎｄａｔｅｄ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈ,               ａｌｌ               ｏｔｈｅｒ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｓｅｃｔｓ               ｏｒ               ｄｅｎｏｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｐｒｏｈｉｂｉｔｅｄ.
               Ｙｅａｒｓ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               Ｌｅｔｔｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               Ｄａｎｂｕｒｙ               Ｂａｐｔｉｓｔｓ,               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ               ｒｅｇｕｌａｒｌｙ               ａｔｔｅｎｄｅｄ               ｗｏｒｓｈｉｐ               ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ               ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃａｐｉｔａｌ               ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｐａｉｄ               ｃｈａｐｌａｉｎｓ.

Ｈｅ               ａｌｓｏ               ａｒｒａｎｇｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ               ｓｅｒｖｉｃｅｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｗａｒ               Ｏｆｆｉｃｅ               ａｎｄ               Ｔｒｅａｓｕｒｙ               ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｂｅｌｏｎｇｉｎｇ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅ               ｂｒａｎｃｈ               ｏｆ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ.

Ｉｎ               1803               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ｕｓｅｄ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｆｕｎｄｓ               ｔｏ               ｅｒｅｃｔ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎｉｔｙ               ａｍｏｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               Ｉｎｄｉａｎｓ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ               ｆｏｒ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ               ｆｏｒ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ'ｓ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ               ａｎｄ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｉｓ               ｓｏ               ｏｖｅｒｗｈｅｌｍｉｎｇ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｔ'ｓ               ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｄ               ｈｏｗ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｍｉｓｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ               ｂｙ               ｓｏ               ｍａｎｙ.
               Ｇｅｏｒｇｅ               Ｗａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ,               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓ               Ｆａｒｅｗｅｌｌ               ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｎａｔｉｏｎ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               "Ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｉｍｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ               ｔｏ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｏｒｌｄ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               Ｇｏｄ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               Ｂｉｂｌｅ.

Ｏｆ               ａｌｌ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｉｓｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ               ａｎｄ               ｈａｂｉｔｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｌｅａｄ               ｔｏ               ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ               ｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙ,               ｏｕｒ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｍｏｒａｌｉｔｙ               ａｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｄｉｓｐｅｎｓａｂｌｅ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ.

Ｌｅｔ               ｕｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｃａｕｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎｄｕｌｇｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｕｐｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｍｏｒａｌｉｔｙ               ｃａｎ               ｂｅ               ｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ.

Ｒｅａｓｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ               ｂｏｔｈ               ｆｏｒｂｉｄ               ｕｓ               ｔｏ               ｅｘｐｅｃｔ               ｔｈａｔ               ｏｕｒ               ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               ｍｏｒａｌｉｔｙ               ｃａｎ               ｐｒｅｖａｉｌ               ｉｎ               ｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅ."
               Ｔｈｏｍａｓ               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈｉｓ,               "Ｔｈｅ               ｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｍｏｒａｌｉｔｙ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｗｅｌｌ               ｂｅｉｎｇ               ｏｆ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ,               Ｈｅ               (Ｇｏｄ)               ｈａｓ               ｔａｋｅｎ               ｃａｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｉｍｐｒｅｓｓ               ｉｔｓ               ｐｒｅｃｅｐｔｓ               ｓｏ               ｉｎｄｅｌｉｂｌｙ               ｏｎ               ｏｕｒ               ｈｅａｒｔｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｓｈａｌｌ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅ               ｅｆｆａｃｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｕｂｔｌｅｔｉｅｓ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｂｒａｉｎ.

Ｗｅ               ａｌｌ               ａｇｒｅｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｂｌｉｇａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｒａｌ               ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ               ｏｆ               Ｊｅｓｕｓ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｗｈｅｒｅ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｂｅ               ｆｏｕｎｄ               ｄｅｌｉｖｅｒｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ               ｐｕｒｉｔｙ               ｔｈａｎ               ｉｎ               Ｈｉｓ               ｄｉｓｃｏｕｒｓｅｓ."
               Ｊａｍｅｓ               Ｍａｄｉｓｏｎ,               ｔｈｅ               4ｔｈ               ＵＳ               ｐｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ,               ｆａｔｈｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｂｉｌｌ               ｏｆ               ｒｉｇｈｔｓ,               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               "Ｉ               ｈａｖｅ               ｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓ               ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ               ｔｈｅｒｅ               ｃｏｕｌｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅ               ａ               ｓｔｒｏｎｇｅｒ               ｔｅｓｔｉｍｏｎｙ               ｉｎ               ｆａｖｏｒ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ｏｒ               ａｇａｉｎｓｔ               ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌ               ｅｎｊｏｙｍｅｎｔｓ,               ｅｖｅｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｒａｔｉｏｎａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｍａｎｌｙ,               ｔｈａｎ               ｆｏｒ               ｍｅｎ               ｗｈｏ               ｏｃｃｕｐｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｏｓｔ               ｈｏｎｏｒａｂｌｅ               ａｎｄ               ｇａｉｎｆｕｌ               ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｓ               ａｎｄ               [ｗｈｏ]               ａｒｅ               ｒｉｓｉｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｒｅｐｕｔａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｗｅａｌｔｈ,               ｐｕｂｌｉｃｌｙ               ｔｏ               ｄｅｃｌａｒｅ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｕｎｓａｔｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒｉｎｅｓｓ               ｂｙ               ｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇ               ｆｅｒｖｅｎｔ               ａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃａｕｓｅ               ｏｆ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔ;               ａｎｄ               Ｉ               ｗｉｓｈ               ｙｏｕ               ｍａｙ               ｇｉｖｅ               ｉｎ               ｙｏｕｒ               ｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｗａｙ."
               Ｊｏｈｎ               Ｊａｙ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａ'ｓ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ｃｈｉｅｆ               ｊｕｓｔｉｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｕｐｒｅｍｅ               Ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｎ               1797,               ｔｗｏ               ｙｅａｒｓ               ａｆｔｅｒ               ｓｅｒｖｉｎｇ               ｈｉｓ               ｔｅｒｍ,               "Ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ               ｈａｓ               ｇｉｖｅｎ               ｔｏ               ｏｕｒ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｈｏｉｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｒｕｌｅｒｓ,               ａｎｄ               ｉｔ               ｉｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｄｕｔｙ               ａｓ               ｗｅｌｌ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｉｖｉｌｅｇｅ               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｎａｔｉｏｎ,               ｔｏ               ｓｅｌｅｃｔ               ａｎｄ               ｐｒｅｆｅｒ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｒｕｌｅｒｓ."
               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ'ｓ               Ｗａｌｌ               ｏｆ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｐｌａｃｅｄ               ｌｉｍｉｔｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｗｅｒ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｔｏ               ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅ               ｉｎ               ｍａｔｔｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｗａｌｌ               ｗａｓ               ｉｎｔｅｎｄｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｌｅｖｅｌ               ｎｏｔ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｉｖｉｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ.

Ｍａｔｔｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｓｔ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ               Ｓｔａｔｅ               ａｎｄ               ｌｏｃａｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ.
               Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｔｉｍｅ               ｐｅｒｉｏｄ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｒａｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ,               ａｌｌ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｒｈｏｄｅ               Ｉｓｌａｎｄ,               ｈａｄ               ａ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｓｐｏｎｓｏｒｅｄ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ｒａｔｉｆｉｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ               ｉｆ               ｔｈｅｙ               ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄ               ｉｔ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｏｖｅｒｒｉｄｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔａｔｅｓ               ｒｉｇｈｔ               ｔｏ               ｓｐｏｎｓｏｒ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｏｗｎ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｄｅｎｏｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ.

Ｔｈｅ               Ｆｉｒｓｔ               Ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ               ｗａｓ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ               ｔｏ               ｐｌａｃｅ               ｌｉｍｉｔａｔｉｏｎｓ               ｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｏｎ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｆｒｅｅｄｏｍ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｓｓ,               ｇｕａｒａｎｔｅｅｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｉｒｓｔ               ａｍｅｎｄｍｅｎｔ,               ｏｎｌｙ               ｐｌａｃｅｓ               ｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｔｏ               ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ               ｔｈｅ               ｍｅｄｉａ               ｎｏｔ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｓｓ.

Ｉｎ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｗａｙ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｒｅｓｓ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｂｅ               ｆｒｅｅ               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ.

Ｔｈｅ               ｓａｍｅ               ｗａｓ               ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｒｅｅｄｏｍ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ,               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｗａｓ               ｎｅｖｅｒ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ,               ｃｈｕｒｃｈｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ               ｗｅｒｅ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓ               ｉｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ａ               ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｄｅｎｏｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ.
               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ａｆｆｉｒｍｅｄ               ｏｎ               ｍａｎｙ               ｏｃｃａｓｉｏｎｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｈａｄ               ｎｏ               ｐｏｗｅｒ               ｏｖｅｒ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｒｉｇｈｔｓ               ｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｒｅｅ               ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ.

Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               ａｔ               ｈｉｓ               ｓｅｃｏｎｄ               ｉｎａｕｇｕｒａｌ               ａｄｄｒｅｓｓ               ｉｎ               1805,"Ｉｎ               ｍａｔｔｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ,               Ｉ               ｈａｖｅ               ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｉｔｓ               ｆｒｅｅ               ｅｘｅｒｃｉｓｅ               ｉｓ               ｐｌａｃｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｏｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ               ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｏｗｅｒｓ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               (ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ)               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ."
               Ｓｏ               ｗｈｅｒｅ               ｄｉｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｅｄ               ｉｄｅａ               ｏｆ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｎｇ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅ?

Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               1830'ｓ               ａｎｄ               40'ｓ               ａ               ｎｅｗ               ｉｎｆｌｕｘ               ｏｆ               Ｃａｔｈｏｌｉｃ               ｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓ               ｃａｕｓｅｄ               ｍｕｃｈ               ｃｏｎｃｅｒｎ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ               Ｐｒｏｔｅｓｔａｎｔ               ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙ.

Ｇｒｏｕｐｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               ｔｈｅ               Ｋｎｏｗ               Ｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｓ               ａｎｄ               ｌａｔｅｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｋｕ               Ｋｌｕｘ               Ｋｌａｎ               ａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｄ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｓｍ               ｔｏ               ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ               Ｃａｔｈｏｌｉｃ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ               ｉｎ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｌｉｆｅ.
               Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｌａｔｅ               1940'ｓ               ａｎｄ               ｂｅｙｏｎｄ               ｍａｎｙ               ｆｅｌｔ               Ｃａｔｈｏｌｉｃ               ｐａｒｏｃｈｉａｌ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ               ｐｏｓｅｄ               ａ               ｔｈｒｅａｔ               ｔｏ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ,               ｐｒｏｔｅｓｔａｎｔ               ｍａｊｏｒｉｔｉｅｓ               ａｎｄ               ｄｅｍｏｃｒａｔｉｃ               ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ               ｓａｙｓ               Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ               Ｄａｎｉｅｌ               Ｌ.Ｄｒｅｉｓｂａｃｈ               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓ               Ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ               "Ｔｈｅ               Ｍｙｔｈｉｃａｌ               Ｗａｌｌ               ｏｆ               Ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ:               Ｈｏｗ               ａ               Ｍｉｓｕｓｅｄ               Ｍｅｔａｐｈｏｒ               Ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈ-Ｓｔａｔｅ               Ｌａｗ,               Ｐｏｌｉｃｙ,               ａｎｄ               Ｄｉｓｃｏｕｒｓｅ".

Ｄｒｅｉｓｂａｃｈ               ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒ               ｓｔａｔｅｄ,               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ＡＣＬＵ,               ａｎｔｉ-Ｃａｔｈｏｌｉｃｓ               ｅｌｉｔｅｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               Ｈｕｇｏ               Ｂｌａｃｋ,               Ｐｒｏｔｅｓｔａｎｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｏｔｈｅｒｓ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅ,               ｐｒｅｖａｉｌｅｄ               ｕｐｏｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｏｕｒｔｓ               ｔｏ               ｓｅｃｕｌａｒｉｚｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔａｔｅ.

Ｔｈｅ               1947               ｃａｓｅ               ｏｆ               Ｅｖｅｒｓｏｎ               ｖ.

Ｂｏａｒｄ               ｏｆ               Ｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ               ｅｘｔｅｎｄｅｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｘｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ａｉｄ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ｔｏ               ｆｅｄｅｒａｌ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓ.

Ｎｏ               ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓ               ｃｏｕｒｔ               ｈａｄ               ｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｅｄ               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ'ｓ               ｐｈｒａｓｅ               ｔｏ               ｉｍｐｌｙ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｗａｓ               ｔｏ               ｂｅ               ｆｒｅｅ               ａｎｙ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ.
               Ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               1930'ｓ               Ｈｉｔｌｅｒ               ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｏｎｌｙ               ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ               ｔｈａｔ               ｓｔｏｏｄ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               ｗａｙ               ｈｉｓ               ｐｌａｎｓ               ｗａｓ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈ.

Ｓｏ               Ｈｉｔｌｅｒ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｄ               ｈｉｓ               ｐｒｏｐａｇａｎｄａ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｓｌｏｇａｎｓ               ｓｕｃｈ               ａｓ               "Ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ               ｄｏ               ｎｏｔ               ｂｅｌｏｎｇ               ｉｎ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈ."               Ａｎｄ               "Ｔｈｅ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｂｅ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｅ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｔａｔｅ",               ｓａｙｓ               Ｂｒｙａｎ               Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓ               ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ               "Ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅ:               Ｓｔｒａｉｇｈｔ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｔｈｅ               Ｍｉｎｄ               ｏｆ               Ｈｉｔｌｅｒ"               ｑｕｏｔｉｎｇ               Ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒ               Ｊｏｈｎ               Ｃｏｎｗａｙ'ｓ               ｂｏｏｋ               "Ｔｈｅ               Ｎａｚｉ               ｐｅｒｓｅｃｕｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈｅｓ               1933-45".

Ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｒｍｅｒ               Ｓｏｖｉｅｔ               Ｕｎｉｏｎ               ａｌｓｏ               ｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ               ａ               ｓｔｒｉｃｔ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               ｓｔａｔｅ               ｏｎｌｙ               ａｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ               ｔｈｅ               ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ｔｏ               ｒｅｍａｉｎ               ｗｉｔｈｉｎ               ｉｔｓ               ｆｏｕｒ               ｗａｌｌｓ.

Ｔｈｅｓｅ               ｐｈｒａｓｅｓ               ａｒｅ               ｖｉｒｔｕａｌｌｙ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｃａｌ               ｔｏ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｐｒｏｍｏｔｅｄ               ｂｙ               ｔｈｅ               ＡＣＬＵ               ａｎｄ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓ               Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ               ｆｏｒ               ｔｈｅ               Ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               Ｃｈｕｒｃｈ               ａｎｄ               Ｓｔａｔｅ.

Ｉｎ               Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ               1934,               Ｈｉｔｌｅｒ               ｓａｉｄ               ｔｈｉｓ               ｉｎ               ａ               ｃａｍｐａｉｇｎ               ｓｐｅｅｃｈ,               "Ｂｕｔ               ｗｅ               ｗｉｌｌ               ｅｎｓｕｒｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｐｕｒｇｉｎｇ               ｆｒｏｍ               ｏｕｒ               ｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｌｉｆｅ               ｏｆ               ａｌｌ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｐｒｉｅｓｔｓ               ｗｈｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ｍｉｓｔａｋｅｎ               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｗｈｏ               ｏｕｇｈｔ               ｔｏ               ｈａｖｅ               ｂｅｅｎ               ｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｉａｎｓ               ａｎｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｐａｓｔｏｒｓ",               ｎｏｔｅｄ               Ｂｒｙａｎ               Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ               ｉｎ               ｈｉｓ               ａｂｏｖｅ               ｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄ               ａｒｔｉｃｌｅ.

Ｈｉｔｌｅｒ'ｓ               ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｓ               ｈｅｒｅ               ａｒｅ               ｖｉｒｔｕａｌｌｙ               ｉｄｅｎｔｉｃａｌ               ｗｉｔｈ               ｔｈｏｓｅ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ＡＣＬＵ.
               Ｔｈｅ               ｉｄｅａ               ｏｆ               ｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｎｇ               ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｎ               ｆｒｏｍ               ａｌｌ               ｃｉｖｉｌ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｈａｖｅ               ａｌａｒｍｅｄ               Ｊｅｆｆｅｒｓｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｇ               ｆａｔｈｅｒｓ               ｔｈａｔ               ｃｌｅａｒｌｙ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ               ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ               ｏｆ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎｉｔｙ               ｍｕｓｔ               ｈａｖｅ               ｔｈｅ               ｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ               ｏｆ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｔａｔｅ.

Ｔｈｅｙ               ｋｎｅｗ               ｔｈａｔ               ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔ               ａ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎ               ｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ               ａｎｄ               ｐｅｏｐｌｅ,               ｔｈｅｉｒ               ｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃ               ｗｏｕｌｄ               ｎｏｔ               ｓｕｒｖｉｖｅ.

Ｔｈｅｙ               ｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ               ｔｈａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｓｏｕｒｃｅ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               ｉｎａｌｉｅｎａｂｌｅ               ｒｉｇｈｔｓ               ａｎｄ               ｆｒｅｅｄｏｍ               ｃａｍｅ               Ｊｅｓｕｓ               ｈｉｍｓｅｌｆ               ａｎｄ               ｔｈａｔ               Ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉａｎｉｔｙ               ｗａｓ               ａｔ               ｔｈｅ               ｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ               ｏｆ               ｏｕｒ               Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ               ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ               ａｎｄ               ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ.






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    1. mets2006.wordpress.com/   11/20/2013
      ...Publius, a pseudonym for James Madison. The essay began “To the People of the State of New York” and ...flame within their particular States, but will be unable to...
    2. politicallyfrank.wordpress.com/   07/04/2011
      ... manifestly increased by the TOTAL SEPARATION OF THE CHURCH FROM THE STATE. [James Madison, as quoted in Robert L. Maddox: Separation of Church and State; Guarantor of Religious...
    3. leonardooh.wordpress.com/   10/16/2008
      ...Separation of Church and State: An Analysis...by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Thomas Paine...by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison advocated...separation of church and state within Virginia. The...
    4. politicalpistachio.blogspot.com/   08/25/2010
      ...As a result, New York was seen as one of the States that may not ratify the new Constitution. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay worked passionately to make...
    5. raymondpronk.wordpress.com/   06/12/2010
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    6. ibloga.blogspot.com/   07/17/2009
      ...Packet Wednesday, January 30, 1788 [James Madison] To the People of the State of New York: HAVING...; but briefly stated as they are here, they...
    7. voice-of-deseret.blogspot.com/   12/06/2008
      ... Villanova team 31-27. At 12-1, James Madison will be no pushover for Montana. Not ... is controversial Weber State player Bryant Eteuati. After getting into...
    8. icestationtango.blogspot.com/   10/01/2006
      ... and Other Writings of James Madison , Volume IV, page 491). Pretty inspirational, take... of fraud, growing out of a state of war, and in the degeneracy of manner and...
    9. jerrystwocentsofreason.blogspot.com/   05/08/2006
      ... fathers that support the separation of church and state as it is in the Constitution, James Madison is after all the man who authored the first amendment...
    10. judicialmisconduct.blogspot.com/   09/10/2007
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      11. James Madison State - Blog Homepage Results

      Free AssociationbySheldon Richman
      http://sheldonfreeassociation.blogspot.com/
      ...voluntary associations, and . . . the State should be abolished." —Benjamin Tucker...in the next place oblige it to control itself." —James Madison "Fat chance." —Sheldon Richman
      Ed In The Applebymets2006
      http://mets2006.wordpress.com/
      ...newspaper, the Daily Advertiser, the article was signed Publius, a pseudonym for James Madison. The essay began "To the People of the State of New York" and discusses the impact of factions. The essay…
      Welcome to AskGleaves.orgbyJames Madison
      http://askgleaves.blogspot.com/
      Gleaves Whitney, a presidential historian, is the director of the Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies at Grand Valley State University.
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